Birth-related traumas can affect the nervous system and motor functions of newborns to varying degrees. The child's neurological status, muscle tone, reflexes, movement and developmental indicators are evaluated by a pediatric neurologist. When necessary, additional instrumental and laboratory examinations are performed and an early rehabilitation and treatment plan is prepared.

Seizures in children can occur for various reasons, including epilepsy, fever, metabolic disorders and other neurological conditions. The characteristics, duration and frequency of recurrence of the seizure are evaluated. If necessary, EEG, brain imaging and laboratory examinations are performed, and a treatment plan is developed according to the cause.

Emotional tension, fear, anxiety, sleep disorders, tics and other psychological and behavioral changes in children may be associated with neurotic disorders. The child's emotional state, behavior and developmental characteristics are comprehensively evaluated. Depending on the need, treatment may include psychological support, behavioral therapy and an approach involving other specialists.

Intellectual disability, more accurately termed intellectual developmental disorder, is characterized by the child's intellectual and adaptive skills not developing in accordance with age. During the evaluation, the child's speech, learning ability, social skills and daily living skills are taken into account. Neurological, developmental, genetic and other examinations may be required to determine the cause.

Motor disorders may manifest as changes in the child's movement, coordination, balance and muscle tone. During the examination, the child's motor development, reflexes and muscle strength are evaluated. Early detection and an appropriate rehabilitation program may help develop the child's functional abilities.

Cerebral palsy is a group of persistent movement and posture disorders associated with injury or developmental impairment occurring during the developing period of the brain. Motor development, muscle tone, reflexes and other neurological indicators are evaluated by a pediatric neurologist. Treatment is planned individually and may include physiotherapy, rehabilitation, speech therapy and other supportive approaches.

Myopathies are a group of diseases that impair the function and strength of muscle tissue. Muscle weakness, rapid fatigue, and delays in movement and motor development may be observed in the child. Neurological examination, muscle enzymes, electrophysiological examinations, genetic tests and other examinations may be used in diagnosis.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by features of social communication and interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. Early evaluation is important for identifying the child's developmental needs and preparing an appropriate support program. Treatment and support may be organized based on individual needs with the participation of a neurologist, child psychiatrist, psychologist, speech therapist and other specialists.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulty sustaining attention, excessive activity and impulsive behavior. During diagnosis, the child's behavior is evaluated in different environments, especially at home and at school. Depending on the child's age and needs, treatment may include behavioral approaches, psychological support, educational strategies and, where appropriate, medication.

Enuresis is the involuntary release of urine, especially during sleep. The child's age, urinary patterns, nighttime and daytime symptoms, and other possible causes are evaluated. Urological and other examinations are performed when necessary, and a treatment plan is prepared according to the cause.

Stuttering is characterized by the repetition or prolongation of sounds, syllables or words during speech, or the occurrence of pauses at certain moments of speech. The child's speech development and the characteristics of the stuttering are evaluated. Speech therapy and psychological support appropriate to the child's emotional state may play an important role in treatment.

Bruxism is the involuntary clenching and grinding of the teeth during sleep. In children, it may be associated with various causes, including stress, sleep disorders, and dental and jaw problems. Both neurological and dental factors are taken into account during evaluation. When necessary, a coordinated approach by a pediatric neurologist and dentist is applied.

Cerebrovascular disorders may occur as a result of reduced blood flow to the brain, narrowing of the vessels or other vascular problems. In these conditions, dizziness, speech and movement disorders, numbness, vision changes and other neurological symptoms may be observed. Diagnostic evaluation may include a neurological examination, brain imaging and vascular examinations.

Stroke is an emergency medical condition resulting from an acute disturbance of cerebral blood circulation. Ischemic stroke occurs due to vessel occlusion, while hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to rupture of a vessel in the brain and bleeding. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are of particular importance in stroke. Treatment is determined according to the type of stroke, the affected area and the patient's clinical condition.

Memory impairment may be associated with neurological, vascular, metabolic and other causes, in addition to age-related changes, stress and sleep problems. Memory and other cognitive functions, neurological status and the patient's daily activities are taken into account during evaluation. Laboratory and instrumental examinations are performed when necessary.

Vertigo is the sensation that a person or the surrounding environment is spinning. The causes may be associated with inner ear diseases, vestibular system disorders, diseases of the brain and nervous system, vascular problems and other conditions. The nature and duration of the dizziness and accompanying symptoms are evaluated, and an appropriate diagnostic approach is selected.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessel walls and narrowing of the vessels. Damage to the cerebral vessels may increase the risk of stroke and other cerebrovascular disorders. Evaluation and control of risk factors are important parts of treatment.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. Diagnostic evaluation includes assessment of seizure characteristics, neurological examination, EEG and, when necessary, examinations such as brain MRI. Treatment is mainly carried out with antiepileptic drugs according to the type of epilepsy and the patient's individual characteristics.

Neuropathies are a group of diseases resulting from damage to the peripheral nerves. In addition to diabetic neuropathy, neuropathies associated with metabolic, toxic, traumatic and other causes also exist. Symptoms may include numbness, tingling, burning, pain and muscle weakness in the extremities. Neurological examination and, when necessary, electroneuromyography (ENMG) are used in diagnosis.

Damage to peripheral nerves may cause movement and sensory disorders. Bell's palsy is characterized by sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face resulting from peripheral damage to the facial nerve. Treatment is planned taking into account the time of symptom onset, severity and possible causes. In cases of sudden facial paralysis, other emergency causes such as stroke must also be ruled out.

Spinal and vertebral diseases may be accompanied by lower back and neck pain, restricted movement, numbness and pain in the extremities. In the case of a herniated disc, pressure from the intervertebral disc on the nerve roots may cause pain radiating from the lower back to the leg, numbness and, in some cases, muscle weakness. Clinical examination and, when necessary, imaging methods such as MRI are used during diagnosis.

Migraine is a neurological disease characterized by recurrent headache attacks. The headache is often throbbing and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. In some patients, an aura characterized by visual or other neurological symptoms occurs before the headache. Treatment is planned individually based on the frequency and severity of the attacks.

Craniocerebral injuries may occur as open or closed injuries and can cause various clinical conditions ranging from mild concussion to severe brain damage. Changes in consciousness, headache, vomiting, memory impairment, drowsiness, seizures and other neurological symptoms are evaluated after trauma. When necessary, imaging examinations such as CT or MRI are performed, and treatment and monitoring are carried out according to the patient's condition.