Gastroscopy is the examination of the inner surface of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a special optical device – an endoscope. This method is used to investigate heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea, difficulty swallowing, unexplained weight loss, anemia, and other digestive system complaints.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining and can cause diseases such as gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Breath testing, stool antigen testing, blood tests, or examination of a biopsy taken during gastroscopy may be used for its detection.

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the inner surface of the large intestine, while rectoscopy is an examination of the rectum. These examinations are performed to investigate intestinal bleeding, long-term constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, polyps, and other diseases. Colonoscopy is also important for the early detection of colorectal cancer and identification of high-risk polyps.

A biopsy is the removal of a small sample from a suspicious or visibly altered area of tissue during an examination and its submission to a laboratory for histopathological examination. It is used in the diagnosis of diseases of the stomach, esophagus, duodenum, large intestine, and rectum. A biopsy helps clarify inflammatory changes, infections, mucosal diseases, and tumor processes.

Bleeding occurring in the gastrointestinal system may require urgent medical intervention in some cases. The source of the bleeding is identified endoscopically, and efforts are made to stop it using an appropriate technique. Special clips, injection techniques, thermal coagulation, and other endoscopic tools may be used for this purpose.

Polypectomy is the endoscopic removal of polyps detected in the gastrointestinal tract. During the procedure, special instruments appropriate to the size, shape, and location of the polyp are used. The removed tissue is usually sent for histopathological examination. Polypectomy helps reduce the risk of some polyps developing malignant changes in the future and supports early diagnosis.

Narrowings occurring in the esophagus or other areas of the digestive system may cause difficulty swallowing, obstruction to the passage of food, and other complaints. Endoscopic balloon dilation or bougienage is used to widen the narrowed area. During the procedure, the diameter of the narrowed area is increased using a special balloon or dilating instruments.

A gastric balloon is a device placed in the stomach endoscopically that occupies space in the stomach for a certain period and helps create a feeling of fullness more quickly. This procedure may be used as part of a weight management program for individuals who are overweight or obese and meet the appropriate medical indications.

Swallowed foreign bodies, especially sharp, large, or battery-type objects, may cause injury and other complications in the digestive system. In such cases, the area where the foreign body is located and its characteristics are assessed, and it may be removed endoscopically. The procedure is planned in children and adults according to age, clinical condition, and the type of foreign body.

PEG is a procedure for placing a feeding tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall in patients who cannot receive adequate nutrition through the mouth or esophagus. With the help of an endoscope, the appropriate area of the stomach is identified and placement of a special feeding tube is ensured.

Esophageal varices develop as a result of dilation of the veins of the esophagus and may pose a serious risk of bleeding, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. During the band ligation procedure, special elastic bands are placed over the dilated vessels with the help of an endoscope. This method causes blood flow within the vessels to stop and the variceal nodes to gradually shrink

Endoscopic methods are used in the treatment of bleeding occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. After the source of the bleeding is identified, coagulation, injection sclerotherapy, placement of endoclips, and other hemostatic interventions may be performed depending on the situation.

Gastroesophageal reflux, Esophagitis, Esophageal ulcers, Achalasia, Diaphragmatic hernia, etc.

Acute and chronic gastritis, H. Pylori gastritis, Bile reflux gastritis, Gastric and duodenal ulcer, Dyspepsia, etc.

Hepatitis of various etiologies (viral, autoimmune, toxic, etc.), Fatty liver, Liver cirrhosis and its complications, Alcohol-induced liver injury, etc.

Chronic pancreatitis, etc.

Biliary dyskinesia, Acute and chronic cholecystitis, Gallstone disease, etc.

Diverticular disease of the large intestine, Non-specific ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, Intestinal dysbacteriosis, Constipation, Hemorrhoids, etc.