Melasma is characterized by dark, symmetrical patches that appear on the face. These spots commonly occur under the following circumstances:

• During pregnancy
• Due to exposure to sunlight
• When taking contraceptives that affect pregnancy

Melasma can appear on the forehead, cheeks, chin, and nose.

Key factors contributing to melasma development include:

• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal changes
• The body’s sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays
• Use of poor-quality cosmetic products and other factors.