Measles Diagnosis: IgG and IgM Tests for Measles Virus
Measles is an extremely contagious disease transmitted through airborne droplets. The virus primarily affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and the back of the throat. Symptoms include:
• High fever
• Dry cough
• Red eyes
• Light sensitivity
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Small white spots on the mucous membrane of the mouth
• Rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body and legs
Most people recover within a few weeks; however, about 20% may develop complications such as otitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis, and even blindness. People with weakened immune systems, vitamin A deficiency, and poor nutrition are at higher risk of severe illness. Measles is dangerous for pregnant women as it can cause miscarriage or premature birth.
During infection with the measles virus, the body produces two types of specific antibodies: IgM and IgG. IgM antibodies appear first, peak within a few days, and then gradually decrease over several weeks. IgG antibodies begin to form 2–4 weeks after infection and can persist for decades, providing long-term immunity. IgG antibodies are also produced after vaccination, so their presence indicates immunity to measles.